Waja

WEST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAELOGY

REVUE OUEST AFRICAINE d’ ARCHEOLOGIE

ISSN 0331-3158

Edited by

David A. Aremu

Assisted by

Jonathan O. Aleru and Aicha Toure Gninin

Volume 50 (1&2) 2020

Published on Behalf of West African Archaeological

Association by the Editorial Board of WAJA

i

EDITORIAL

1- Editorial Board

Ballouche, A.                                    –                       Universite d’ Angers, France

Boachie-Ansah, J               .-                     University of Ghana, Legon, Accra

Derefaka, A. A.                     –                       University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Jemkur, J.                              –                       University of Jos, Nigeria

Okafor, E. E.                          –                       University of Nigeria, Nsukka

Apoh W.                                –                       President, W.A.A.A. (Ex- officio)

Kouassi K. S.                          –                       Treasurer, W.A.A.A. (Ex-officio)

2- Advisory Board

Professor H. Bocoun

Professor T. Champion

Professor A. F. C. Holl

Professor J. B. Kiethega

Professor  M. A. Sowunmi

Professor J. Mangut

Professor Isa Tijjani

Editor-in-chief:                                  –                       David A. Aremu

University of  Ibadan, Nigeria

Associate Editors:                              –                       Jonathan O. Aleru (Anglophone)

University of  Ibadan, Nigeria

• Aicha Toure Gninin

Assistante, Institut des Sciences Anthropologiques de Development (ISAD)

UFR-SHS Universite Felix Honphouet – Biology Cocody – Abidjan, Cote d’ Ivoire

Business Manager:                           –                        R. A. Alabi,

University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Assist. Business Managers                 –                      Kingsley C. Daraojimba University  of Nigeria, Nsukka

–                       Z. A. Gundu,

Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

ii

Note to Contributors

Contributors are advised to follow our format in preparing their contributions. We do not accept footnote referencing. All references must be compiled alphabetically at the end of the paper with the surname of authors coming first, followed, by year of publication, then the title of paper and the medium of publication. ALL ILLUSTRATIONS MUST BE DIGITALIZED AND SHOULD HAVE GOOD CONTRAST AND NOT BE TOO MANY. THEY SHOULD BE AT THE END OF THE TEXT BEFORE THE LIST OF REFERENCES. An electronic copy of the text and the illustrations should be sent with two hard copies.

The software used must be indicated. However, we advise any of the following: Microsoft Office – MS – Word, Adobe Page Maker 7 or WordPerfect 8. All contributions not conforming to the above requirements will be rejected.

Papers are to be submitted to the Editor-in-Chief:

Prof. David A. Aremu

(email: [email protected])

Department of Archaeology and anthropology,

University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Or

The Business Manager,

Prof. Raphael A. Alabi

(email: [email protected])

Department of Archaeology and anthropology,

University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

iii

List of Contributors

Macham Mangut and J.O. Aleru, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology

University of Ibadan.

Kyazike Elizabeth, Department of History and Political Science, Kyambogo University

David Akwasi Mensah Abrampah, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies

University of Ghana.

David A. Aremu and Abiola Ibirogba, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology,

University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Olusegun Opadeji, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Ibadan

Khady Niang and Matar Ndiaye, Faculté des Lettres et sciences Humaines, Université Cheikh Anta Diop.

Otobong Enefiok Akpan, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Opêoluwa Blandine AGBAKA, Institut National des Métiers d’Arts, d’Archéologie et de la Culture (INMAAC) Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Bénin

AHOUEJean- Jacques, Unité pédagogique d’Archéologie Institut des Sciences Anthropologiques de Développement (ISAD) Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Cocody-Abidjan – Côte d’Ivoire

KOUAME Affoua Eugénie, Archéologue Département d’Archéologie de l’Institut des Sciences Anthropologiques de Développement (ISAD) Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny

Cocody-Abidjan- Côte d’Ivoire

Biveridge, Fritz.PhD, Institution of affiliation: University of Ghana, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies

AKA Atché Michel, Archéologue Unité pédagogique d’Archéologie de l’Institut des Sciences Anthropologiques de Développement(ISAD) Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Cocody-Abidjan – Côte d’Ivoire.

iv

Simon AGANI, Etudiant en Master Histoire Université Abdou Moumouni du Niger

Goeti BiIrié Maxime, Gaille Elodie and Kiénon-KaboreTimpoko Hélène

Unité Pédagogique d’Archéologie de l’Institut des Sciences

Anthropologiques de Développement (ISAD)Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny / Cocody-Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire

Gaille Elodie2  Conservatrice en ethnobotanique Responsable de l’espace d’accueil et d’expositions / Jardin botanique de Neuchâtel Pertuis-du-Sault 58 / CH-2000 Neuchâtel

Asma’u Ahmed Giade (PhD), Department of Archaeology Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria

Oyinloye, O.Olanrewaju, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

Omoraiyewa Olaniyi, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

WEST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY

REVUE OUEST AFRICAINE d’ARHEOLOGIE

ISSN 0331-3158

Edited by

DAVID A. AREMU

Assisted by

JONATHAN O. ALERU

And OBARE B. BAGODO

Volume 47 (2017)

Published on Behalf of West African Archaeological

 Association by the Editorial Board of WAJA

EDITORIAL

This is the First Volume of West African Journal of Archaeology on Line. The Journal had been in Publication for the past forty-six years. The first publication came out in 1971. We cannot forget the contributions of our heroes past who founded the journal: Late Prof. Thurstan Shaw, S.G.H. Daniels, Nicholas, David and Ekpo Eyo. Late Prof. Bassey Andah came on board of the journal in 1977 and 1978 as Assistant Editor, and Editor- in- chief in 1979 until 1997. Within the eighteen years of his services to WAJA he edited twenty-two Volumes with five of them being Special book issues. Such a committed leader needs to be remembered. Bassey Andah went to be with the Lord in 1997, some twenty years ago.  We devote this volume to him in appreciation of his great contributions to the existence of West African Journal of Archaeology up till today.

He sustained the international standard of the journal and succeeded in winning more subscribers from within and outside Nigeria to patronize the Journal. He encouraged many of his younger colleagues to publish in the journal and the publication served as an invaluable source of academic information for scholars in Archaeology and Anthropology in West Africa and other parts of the world.    Professor Andah was very much alive to the responsibility of sustaining and improving the Archaeology programme he inherited at the University of Ibadan. It is to his credit that this journal is still alive. It has become a challenge to the Editorial Board to ensure that the good works of this great scholar and others who had contributed to the survival of this International journal before and after him should not go into oblivion.

West African Journal of Archaeology publishes original research and review articles on the Archaeology, cultural resources and cultural history of West Africa in continental and global contexts. We welcome field reports and applied studies that use material culture and related sources to address community centered and environmentally sustainable development process and policies. Theoretical, scientific and policy topics that make use of indigenous knowledge systems are also integral to the goals of the journal.

Volume 47 (2017), have ten articles. Three of the articles are in French and the remaining seven are in English. They are research reports and applied studies from Benin Republic, Cameroon, Nigeria and Togo in commemoration of late Professor Bassey Andah.  We encourage our readers to patiently go through each of the papers.

THE  AJIBODE   “UMF SITE”  (N.E. IBADAN, NIGERIA).

A Contribution  to the  Palaeolithic  Settlement  Archaeology of the Bight  of  Benin  Region

                                                by

                                       Obare Bagodo

Special  Monograph  Issue  of

   West  African  Journal of  Archaeology

  Revue  Ouest  Africaine  d’Archéologie

       Vol.  42 (1&2)  2012

ISSN 0331 – 3158

Edited by

                                          M.A. Sowunmi

                   Assisted by Okpoko, A.I and Adande Alexis

                         Volume 42 (1&2) 2012 Monograph 2

       Published on behalf of West African Archaeological Association by

    the Editorial Board of WAJAA