Best Seller Items
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An Ethno-archaeological Survey of Subsistence Agriculture Among Qua’anpan Hill Settlements in Southern Jos Plateau, Nigeria
$10.00An Ethno-archaeological Survey of Subsistence Agriculture Among Qua’anpan
Hill Settlements in Southern Jos Plateau, Nigeria
By
Na’ankwat Yola Kwapnoe
Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies
University of Jos.
Email: [email protected]
Phone No: +2347068150891Abstract
Early agricultural practices are a defining factor for early human settlements around
the world. Today, many agricultural/farming communities dominate Africa but the
history of their success as agriculturists is not documented in order to trace the
foundation upon which this is built and to further develop it. Presently, most farming
activities in Qua’anpan, located on the southern edge of the Jos Plateau, is done on
plain frontier lands on the Benue trough. However, this paper seeks to discuss early
indigenous agricultural practices among the inhabitants of the hill settlements
(homeland) of present day Qua’anpan, particularly the pan people because this
formed the foundation for the large scale and mostly commercial agriculture that is
practiced today among the people. This includes their system of crop farming, animal
domestication, types of crops produced and other subsistence practices such as
storage practices and the continuity of such.Using surface archaeological and
ethnographic data, this work reveals subsistence agricultural practices that were
developed traditionally by the peopleand still sustained centuries later. It is hoped that
the knowledge of traditional agriculture among the Pan which involves
commercialization born from food sufficiency can be adopted to solve some of Africa’s
food problems and bring about development in health and education.
Keywords: Pan, Subsistence, agriculture, ethno-archaeology, Jos Plateau, food
sufficiency -
Ethnoarchaeological Survey of Ugbene-Ajima, Enugu, Nigeria
$10.00Ethnoarchaeological Survey of
Ugbene-Ajima, Enugu, NigeriaBy
Elochukwu A. Nwankwo
Department of Archaeology and Tourism,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka
[email protected],
Edmund I. Itanyi
Department of Archaeology and Tourism,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka
[email protected]
Jacinta U. IkegwuHumanities Unit, School of General Studies,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka,
[email protected]
Joshua O. Uzuegbu
Humanities Unit, School of General Studies,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka,
[email protected]
Uchenna H. Obieluem
Department of Archaeology and Tourism,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka
[email protected].and
Peter N. ObochiDepartment of Archaeology and Tourism,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka,
[email protected]Abstract
This paper is a report of an ethnoarchaeological investigation of Ugbene-Ajima in
Enugu State, Nigeria by a team of researchers. This was aimed at studying the
archaeological resources of the people with a view to interpret and reconstruct the
peoples past. Relevant archaeological methods and analyses like reconnaissance,
ethnography, excavation, stratigraphy and pottery analysis were employed to analyze
data collated. The result of the study shows that Ugbene- Ajima has rich
archaeological history. This is evidenced in the different slags and slag pits that
showed that iron smelting was carried out in the community in the past. Others include,
iron smelting technology debris, blacksmith technology, ancient pottery forms, cowries,
and other archaeological materials that were retrieved during a systematic excavation.
The implication of the study is that it will spur the community for further and more
detailed archaeological investigation future archaeologists
Keywords: Ethnoarchaeology; Archaeology; Excavation, Stratigrahpy, Iron
smelting; Pottery analysis. -
KANSYORE CRESCENTS: MULTIPURPOSE FUNCTIONAL TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY.
$10.00KANSYORE CRESCENTS: MULTIPURPOSE FUNCTIONAL
TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY.By
Kyazike ElizabethDepartment of History and Political Science
Kyambogo University
P.O. Box 1. Kyambo
Email: ekyzike kyu.ac.ugAbstract
Results indicate that Kansyore Island crescents are of various sizes
leading to a suggestion that they performed different functions.
However, the causes for this variation remains unclear. In order to
address that, this paper examines the nature of raw material
procurement processes for the production of crescents, the use of
crescents as well as their evolution over time at Kansyore Island that
indicates humanity’s technological complexity. It also investigates
factors for the preference of crescents that dominate the Later Stone
Age (LSA) backed tool kit at Kansyore Island and Nsongezi. The aim
is to examine the variation in tool sizes and the way in which crescents
were utilised by humans using their forms, edge modifications and edge
damage. This is significant in understanding the evolution of projectile
technology and giving insights into food procurement processes and
subsistence economy and the way the Later Stone Age (LSA) people
adapted and controlled the changing environment that characterised
most of Africa at that age. This was done using both archaeological
survey and excavation at Kansyore Island and the Nsongezi areas. The
Kansyore are a unique LSA group who combined use of lithics with
ceramics. The examination of Kansyore Island material is based on the
fact that limited attention has been given to the Kansyore culture at
Kansyore Island the type site and so far the limited work has laid
emphasis on ceramics such as the works of Chapman, (1967) and
Kyazike (2013). Collet and Robertshaw (1980) identified two crescents
but emphasis was also on the ceramics. -
Towards Poverty Alleviation: Public Archaeology, Heritage Management and Museum in Nigeria
$10.00Samuel Oluwole Ogundele (Ph.D.),
Department of Archaeology and Anthropology,
University of Ibadan,
Ibadan, NIGERIA.
E-mail: [email protected]Abstract
This paper is an attempt to develop an understanding and knowledge of
archaeology within the broader context of cultural heritage
management/conservation in Nigeria. Nigerian archaeology is yet to witness some
exponential growth in several senses as a result of unbridled rigidity about the
conceptualisation and practice of the profession. Most Nigerian archaeologists are
still painfully unable to craft a spirit of openness and teamwork as they continually
allow competing legitimacies and sometimes, primordial hegemonies to occupy a
conspicuous space in their vocabularies of popular and professional discourses.
Consequently, the caricatures of archaeology and museum studies cannot be
shattered.
For archaeology to become a very socially engaging area of human
endeavour, it has to begin to dance creatively with such fields as museology, fine art,
robotics and cinematography. While it is a truism, that core archaeological
concepts and methods must not be jettisoned, the realities of today demand a much
bigger space for knowledge applications in order to capture contemporary
sensitivities and aspirations. This latter part of modern archaeological heritage
management straddles the sphere of museum operations. It entails site replication
using a myriad of cutting-edge digital technologies to make a given locale come
alive for educational/historical purposes and tourism.
Today’s Nigeria cannot afford to be doing archaeology as if it is a mere
academic pastime or esoteric enterprise, in the face of numerous challenges and
problems bordering on youth unemployment, underemployment, political
instability and shrinking economic space arising mainly from monumental
corruption, that has become a tradition of the political class including its business
associates.
There are several world-class archaeological site complexes in Nigeria that
are long overdue for a replication exercise. These include the Taruga iron-working
site in central Nigeria; Igbo-Ukwu burial chamber in the east and Old Oyo in the
west. A replication operation is not tantamount to a total transformation of a site
86
W. Afr. J. Archaeol. Vol. 45 (1) 2015
into a tourist destination. Only a section or sections is/are needed. The remaining
part of the site is left for future archaeological research. This is sustainable
archaeological heritage management in action! This re-construction work derives
from thoroughgoing field and laboratory research and not speculation. Therefore,
profound heritage scholarship cannot be crippled or cannibalised when
archaeological sites are conceptualised of, as a special industry anchored on
history, economy, spirituality and social liberation. However, for optimum
efficiency in all its ramifications, a heritage management activity of this magnitude
has to give enough space to the philosophy of private-public entrepreneurism so
that it (heritage management) can remain afloat the stream of sustainable
development. Andah (1990) has also made some inroads into aspects of this subject
– Cultural Resource Management with a special emphasis on the African
experience. -
WAJA VOLUME 51 FULL
$50.00WEST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAELOGY
REVUE OUEST AFRICAINE d ARCHEOLOGIE
WEST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAELOGY
REVUE OUEST AFRICAINE d ARCHEOLOGIE
ISSN 0331-3158
Edited by
David A. Aremu
Assisted by
Jonathan O. Aleru and Aicha Toure Gninin
Volume 51 (1&2) 2021
Published on Behalf of West African Archaeological
Association by the Editorial Board of WAJA
i
Editorial Board
1- Editorial Board
Ballouche, A. – Universite d’ Angers, France
Boachie-Ansah, J. – University of Ghana, Legon, Accra
Derefaka, A. A. – University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Jemkur, J. – University of Jos, Nigeria
Okafor, E. E. – University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Apoh W. – President, W.A.A.A. (Ex-officio)
Kouassi K. S. – Treasurer, W.A.A.A. (Ex-officio)
2- Advisory Board
Professor H. Bocoun
Professor T. Champion
Professor A. F. C. Holl
Professor J. B. Kiethega
Professor M. A. Sowunmi
Professor J. Mangut
Professor Isa Tijjani
Editor-in-chief: – David A. Aremu
University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Associate Editors: – Jonathan O. Aleru (Anglophone)
University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Aicha Toure Gninin
Assistante, Institut des Sciences Anthropologiques de Development (ISAD)
UFR-SHS Universite Felix Honphouet – Biology Cocody – Abidjan, Cote d’ Ivoire
Business Manager: – R. A. Alabi,
University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Assist. Business Managers – Kingsley C.Daraojimba
University of Nigeria, Nsukka
– Z. A. Gundu,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
ii
Note to Contributors
Contributors are advised to follow our format in preparing their contributions. We do not accept footnote referencing. All references must be compiled alphabetically at the end of the paper with the surname of authors coming first, followed, by year of publication, then the title of paper and the medium of publication. ALL ILLUSTRATIONS MUST BE DIGITALIZED AND SHOULD HAVE GOOD CONTRAST AND NOT BE TOO MANY. THEY SHOULD BE AT THE END OF THE TEXT BEFORE THE LIST OF REFERENCES. An electronic copy of the text and the illustrations should be sent with two hard copies.
The software used must be indicated. However, we advise any of the following: Microsoft Office – MS – Word, Adobe Page Maker 7 or WordPerfect 8. All contributions not conforming to the above requirements will be rejected.
Papers are to be submitted to the Editor-in-Chief:
Prof. David A. Aremu
(email: [email protected])
Department of Archaeology and anthropology,
University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Or
The Business Manager,
Prof. Raphael A. Alabi
(email: [email protected])
Department of Archaeology and anthropology,
University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
iii
List of Contributors
Akinwumi Ogundiran, Department of African Studies, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, USA.
Okopi Ade, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, University of Jos, Nigeria.
Akinbowale M. AKINTAYO, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Elochukwu A. Nwankwo, Department of Archaeology and Tourism, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Edmund I. Itanyi, Department of Archaeology and Tourism, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Jacinta U. Ikegwu, Humanities Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka,
Joshua O. Uzuegbu, Humanities Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Uchenna H. Obieluem, Department of Archaeology and Tourism, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
Peter N. Obochi, Department of Archaeology and Tourism, University of Nigeria, Nsukka,
Daniel, Kenechukwu, Ibeanu Anselm, Department of Archaeology and Tourism, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Edwin E. Okafor, Department of Archaeology and Tourism, University of Nigeria Nsukka
Elochukwu A. Nwankwo, Department of Archaeology and Tourism, University of Nigeria Nsukka.
John U. Ngonadi, Department of Archaeology and Tourism, University of Nigeria Nsukka
iv
Victoria Stephen Nimzing , Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies,
University of Jos, Nigeria.
Joshua Okenwa Uzuegbu (Ph.D), Humanities Unit, School of General Studies
University of Nigeria, Nsukka,
Anselm M. Ibeanu (Prof), Department of Archaeology and Tourism, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
KOUADIO Aya Anita Sandrine, (Institut des Sciences Anthropologiques de Développement (ISAD), Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Cocody-Abidjan /Côte d’Ivoire)
KIENON-KABORE Timpoko Hélène, (Institut des Sciences Anthropologiques de Développement (ISAD), Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Cocody-Abidjan /Côte d’Ivoire)
HOUPHOUËT Gnankou Florent Sosthène, (Institut des Sciences Anthropologiques de Développement (ISAD), Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Cocody-Abidjan /Côte d’Ivoire)
KIENON-KABORE Timpoko Hélène, (Institut des Sciences Anthropologiques de Développement (ISAD), Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Cocody-Abidjan /Côte d’Ivoire)
KOBENAN AttaBradjé Jacob, Docteur en Archéologie, Membre de l’équipe de recherche « Archéologie Technique et Patrimoine (A.T.Pa) », Côte d’Ivoire
BALLO Djalia, Doctorante en Archéologie (ISAD), Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny – Côte d’Ivoire.
Mitanhantcha YEO, Université Alassane Ouattara-Côte d’Ivoire.
SANOGO Tiantio, Archéologue Unité pédagogique d’Archéologie Institut des Sciences Anthropologiques de Développement (ISAD) Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Cocody-Abidjan- Côte d’Ivoire.
TOURE Gninin Aïcha, Unité Pédagogique d’Archéologie de l’Institut des Sciences Anthropologiques de Développement (ISAD) Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Cocody-Abidjan- Côte d’Ivoire.
v
Table of Contents
Pages
Editorial Board:………………………………………………………….…………………..…ii
Note to Contributors:……..…………………………………..… ………………………………iii
List of Contributors:………………………………….………………………..……………….iv
Akinwumi Ogundiran, Okopi Ade, Mejiro Rockshelter: Revisiting theLater Stone Age Sequence in Oyo-Ile, Nigeria………………………………………………………………………..1
Akinbowale M. AKINTAYO, Investigation into Site Re-Occupation Mechanism in Ijaye-Orile, Southwest Nigeria: A Theoretical Approach……………………………….15
Elochukwu A. Nwankwo, Edmund I. Itanyi, Jacinta U. Ikegwu, Joshua O. Uzuegbu, Uchenna H. Obieluem, Peter N. Obochi, Ethnoarchaeological Survey of Ugbene-Ajima, Enugu, Nigeria………………………………………………………………………….29
1Daniel, Kenechukwu, 2Ibeanu Anselm, Archaeological investigation of iron smelting in Ukehe, Nsukka Southeast, Nigeria…………………………………………………….49
Edwin E. Okafor, Elochukwu A. Nwankwo, John U. Ngonadi, 60 Years of Archaeological Research and Practice in Southeast Nigeria: An Appraisal……………..63
Victoria Stephen Nimzing, Ethnographic Study of the TarokTraditional Marriage System in Plateau State, Nigeria………………………………………………………………………..84
Joshua Okenwa Uzuegbu , Anselm M. Ibeanu, Preliminary Report of Archaeological Excavation at Oke-Otu Abandoned Settlement in Otu-Egunbe, Kabba, Kogi State, North-Central Nigeria…………………………………………………………………………………………………………100
KOUADIO Aya Anita Sandrine, KIENON-KABORE, Timpoko Hélène, Techniques de confection du tissu en coton chez les Baoulé de Tiebissou………….118
HOUPHOUËT Gnankou Florent Sosthène1, KIENON-KABORE Timpoko Hélène2 ,Contexte actuel des sites et vestiges métallurgiques de la région du Gbêkê au centre de la Côte d’Ivoire : cas du canton Kpekplessou………………………………………128
vi
KOBENAN AttaBradjé Jacob, BALLO Djalia, Les sites de la métallurgie du fer de la région du Folon au nord-ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire…………………………………………..141
Mitanhantcha YEO, Aspects sociaux de l’activité céramique dans le Hambol : centre-nord de la Cȏte d’Ivoire…………………………………………………………………………………..154
SANOGO Tiantio, Étude de la céramique du site de Diamakani-Tengrela (nord-ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire)…………………………………………………………………………………………167
TOURE Gninin Aïcha, Décors et fonctions des récipients Kpimblé : un patrimoine senoufo quasi méconnu dans le nord de la Côte d’Ivoire………………………………………183
vii
-
Mejiro Rockshelter: Revisiting the Later Stone Age Sequence in Oyo-Ile, Nigeria
$10.00Mejiro Rockshelter: Revisiting the Later Stone Age Sequence in
Oyo-Ile, Nigeria
Akinwumi Ogundiran
Department of Africana Studies,University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223 (USA)
[email protected]
Okopi AdeDepartment of Archaeology and Heritage Studies,
University of Jos, Jos (Nigeria)
[email protected]Abstract
The first scientific excavation in Oyo-Ile (1956-57) took place in Mejiro Rockshelter,
where Frank Willett uncovered the Later Stone Age and Yoruba (Oyo) occupation
levels. In this article, we seek to resolve two issues raised by Frank Willett, which were
not satisfactorily answered in his reports. First, Willett proposed that there was a
ceramic LSA level in the archaeological sequence. Second, hesuggested that there was
an encounter between the LSA and the later Yoruba populations. Our stratigraphic
excavations, carried out in the dripline of the rockshelter in 2018, have now clarified
the relationships between these two occupation phases. In this study, we discuss why
we excavated the Mejiro rockshelter. We then describe the stratigraphic sequence of
the two units that we excavated in 2018 and the typological attributes of the
microlithic assemblage. The findings enable us to resolve the puzzle raised in Frank
Willett’s work. First, there was no ceramic LSA in the archaeological sequence,and
the microlithic technology in Oyo-Ile could only have supporteda hunting-gathering
subsistence economy. Second, we conclude that there was no encounter between the
LSA and Oyo populations. The two occupations were separated by a hiatus of two or
more millennia. The results provide a new framework for the study of the LSA
sequence in Oyo-Ile. -
WAJA JOURNAL 50
$50.00WEST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAELOGY
REVUE OUEST AFRICAINE d’ ARCHEOLOGIE
WEST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAELOGY
REVUE OUEST AFRICAINE d’ ARCHEOLOGIE
ISSN 0331-3158
Edited by
David A. Aremu
Assisted by
Jonathan O. Aleru and Aicha Toure Gninin
Volume 50 (1&2) 2020
Published on Behalf of West African Archaeological
Association by the Editorial Board of WAJA
i
EDITORIAL
1- Editorial Board
Ballouche, A. – Universite d’ Angers, France
Boachie-Ansah, J .- University of Ghana, Legon, Accra
Derefaka, A. A. – University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Jemkur, J. – University of Jos, Nigeria
Okafor, E. E. – University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Apoh W. – President, W.A.A.A. (Ex- officio)
Kouassi K. S. – Treasurer, W.A.A.A. (Ex-officio)
2- Advisory Board
Professor H. Bocoun
Professor T. Champion
Professor A. F. C. Holl
Professor J. B. Kiethega
Professor M. A. Sowunmi
Professor J. Mangut
Professor Isa Tijjani
Editor-in-chief: – David A. Aremu
University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Associate Editors: – Jonathan O. Aleru (Anglophone)
University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Aicha Toure Gninin
Assistante, Institut des Sciences Anthropologiques de Development (ISAD)
UFR-SHS Universite Felix Honphouet – Biology Cocody – Abidjan, Cote d’ Ivoire
Business Manager: – R. A. Alabi,
University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Assist. Business Managers – Kingsley C. Daraojimba University of Nigeria, Nsukka
– Z. A. Gundu,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
ii
Note to Contributors
Contributors are advised to follow our format in preparing their contributions. We do not accept footnote referencing. All references must be compiled alphabetically at the end of the paper with the surname of authors coming first, followed, by year of publication, then the title of paper and the medium of publication. ALL ILLUSTRATIONS MUST BE DIGITALIZED AND SHOULD HAVE GOOD CONTRAST AND NOT BE TOO MANY. THEY SHOULD BE AT THE END OF THE TEXT BEFORE THE LIST OF REFERENCES. An electronic copy of the text and the illustrations should be sent with two hard copies.
The software used must be indicated. However, we advise any of the following: Microsoft Office – MS – Word, Adobe Page Maker 7 or WordPerfect 8. All contributions not conforming to the above requirements will be rejected.
Papers are to be submitted to the Editor-in-Chief:
Prof. David A. Aremu
(email: [email protected])
Department of Archaeology and anthropology,
University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Or
The Business Manager,
Prof. Raphael A. Alabi
(email: [email protected])
Department of Archaeology and anthropology,
University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
iii
List of Contributors
Macham Mangut and J.O. Aleru, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology
University of Ibadan.
Kyazike Elizabeth, Department of History and Political Science, Kyambogo University
David Akwasi Mensah Abrampah, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies
University of Ghana.
David A. Aremu and Abiola Ibirogba, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology,
University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Olusegun Opadeji, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Ibadan
Khady Niang and Matar Ndiaye, Faculté des Lettres et sciences Humaines, Université Cheikh Anta Diop.
Otobong Enefiok Akpan, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Opêoluwa Blandine AGBAKA, Institut National des Métiers d’Arts, d’Archéologie et de la Culture (INMAAC) Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Bénin
AHOUEJean- Jacques, Unité pédagogique d’Archéologie Institut des Sciences Anthropologiques de Développement (ISAD) Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Cocody-Abidjan – Côte d’Ivoire
KOUAME Affoua Eugénie, Archéologue Département d’Archéologie de l’Institut des Sciences Anthropologiques de Développement (ISAD) Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny
Cocody-Abidjan- Côte d’Ivoire
Biveridge, Fritz.PhD, Institution of affiliation: University of Ghana, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies
AKA Atché Michel, Archéologue Unité pédagogique d’Archéologie de l’Institut des Sciences Anthropologiques de Développement(ISAD) Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Cocody-Abidjan – Côte d’Ivoire.
iv
Simon AGANI, Etudiant en Master Histoire Université Abdou Moumouni du Niger
Goeti BiIrié Maxime, Gaille Elodie and Kiénon-KaboreTimpoko Hélène
Unité Pédagogique d’Archéologie de l’Institut des Sciences
Anthropologiques de Développement (ISAD)Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny / Cocody-Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire
Gaille Elodie2 Conservatrice en ethnobotanique Responsable de l’espace d’accueil et d’expositions / Jardin botanique de Neuchâtel Pertuis-du-Sault 58 / CH-2000 Neuchâtel
Asma’u Ahmed Giade (PhD), Department of Archaeology Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Oyinloye, O.Olanrewaju, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Omoraiyewa Olaniyi, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
-
WAJA JOURNAL 49 FULL
$50.00WEST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAELOGY
REVUE OUEST AFRICAINE d’ ARCHEOLOGIE
ISSN 0331-3158
Edited by
David A. Aremu
Assisted by
Jonathan O. Aleru and Aicha Toure Gninin
Volume 50 (1&2) 2020
Published on Behalf of West African Archaeological
Association by the Editorial Board of WAJA
i
EDITORIAL
1- Editorial Board
Ballouche, A. – Universite d’ Angers, France
Boachie-Ansah, J .- University of Ghana, Legon, Accra
Derefaka, A. A. – University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Jemkur, J. – University of Jos, Nigeria
Okafor, E. E. – University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Apoh W. – President, W.A.A.A. (Ex- officio)
Kouassi K. S. – Treasurer, W.A.A.A. (Ex-officio)
2- Advisory Board
Professor H. Bocoun
Professor T. Champion
Professor A. F. C. Holl
Professor J. B. Kiethega
Professor M. A. Sowunmi
Professor J. Mangut
Professor Isa Tijjani
Editor-in-chief: – David A. Aremu
University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Associate Editors: – Jonathan O. Aleru (Anglophone)
University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Aicha Toure Gninin
Assistante, Institut des Sciences Anthropologiques de Development (ISAD)
UFR-SHS Universite Felix Honphouet – Biology Cocody – Abidjan, Cote d’ Ivoire
Business Manager: – R. A. Alabi,
University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Assist. Business Managers – Kingsley C. Daraojimba University of Nigeria, Nsukka
– Z. A. Gundu,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
ii
Note to Contributors
Contributors are advised to follow our format in preparing their contributions. We do not accept footnote referencing. All references must be compiled alphabetically at the end of the paper with the surname of authors coming first, followed, by year of publication, then the title of paper and the medium of publication. ALL ILLUSTRATIONS MUST BE DIGITALIZED AND SHOULD HAVE GOOD CONTRAST AND NOT BE TOO MANY. THEY SHOULD BE AT THE END OF THE TEXT BEFORE THE LIST OF REFERENCES. An electronic copy of the text and the illustrations should be sent with two hard copies.
The software used must be indicated. However, we advise any of the following: Microsoft Office – MS – Word, Adobe Page Maker 7 or WordPerfect 8. All contributions not conforming to the above requirements will be rejected.
Papers are to be submitted to the Editor-in-Chief:
Prof. David A. Aremu
(email: [email protected])
Department of Archaeology and anthropology,
University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Or
The Business Manager,
Prof. Raphael A. Alabi
(email: [email protected])
Department of Archaeology and anthropology,
University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
iii
List of Contributors
Macham Mangut and J.O. Aleru, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology
University of Ibadan.
Kyazike Elizabeth, Department of History and Political Science, Kyambogo University
David Akwasi Mensah Abrampah, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies
University of Ghana.
David A. Aremu and Abiola Ibirogba, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology,
University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Olusegun Opadeji, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Ibadan
Khady Niang and Matar Ndiaye, Faculté des Lettres et sciences Humaines, Université Cheikh Anta Diop.
Otobong Enefiok Akpan, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Opêoluwa Blandine AGBAKA, Institut National des Métiers d’Arts, d’Archéologie et de la Culture (INMAAC) Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Bénin
AHOUEJean- Jacques, Unité pédagogique d’Archéologie Institut des Sciences Anthropologiques de Développement (ISAD) Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Cocody-Abidjan – Côte d’Ivoire
KOUAME Affoua Eugénie, Archéologue Département d’Archéologie de l’Institut des Sciences Anthropologiques de Développement (ISAD) Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny
Cocody-Abidjan- Côte d’Ivoire
Biveridge, Fritz.PhD, Institution of affiliation: University of Ghana, Department of Archaeology and Heritage Studies
AKA Atché Michel, Archéologue Unité pédagogique d’Archéologie de l’Institut des Sciences Anthropologiques de Développement(ISAD) Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny Cocody-Abidjan – Côte d’Ivoire.
iv
Simon AGANI, Etudiant en Master Histoire Université Abdou Moumouni du Niger
Goeti BiIrié Maxime, Gaille Elodie and Kiénon-KaboreTimpoko Hélène
Unité Pédagogique d’Archéologie de l’Institut des Sciences
Anthropologiques de Développement (ISAD)Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny / Cocody-Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire
Gaille Elodie2 Conservatrice en ethnobotanique Responsable de l’espace d’accueil et d’expositions / Jardin botanique de Neuchâtel Pertuis-du-Sault 58 / CH-2000 Neuchâtel
Asma’u Ahmed Giade (PhD), Department of Archaeology Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Oyinloye, O.Olanrewaju, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Omoraiyewa Olaniyi, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
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WAJA VOLUME 47
$50.00WEST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY
REVUE OUEST AFRICAINE d’ARHEOLOGIE
ISSN 0331-3158
Edited by
DAVID A. AREMU
Assisted by
JONATHAN O. ALERU
And OBARE B. BAGODO
Volume 47 (2017)
Published on Behalf of West African Archaeological
Association by the Editorial Board of WAJA
EDITORIAL
This is the First Volume of West African Journal of Archaeology on Line. The Journal had been in Publication for the past forty-six years. The first publication came out in 1971. We cannot forget the contributions of our heroes past who founded the journal: Late Prof. Thurstan Shaw, S.G.H. Daniels, Nicholas, David and Ekpo Eyo. Late Prof. Bassey Andah came on board of the journal in 1977 and 1978 as Assistant Editor, and Editor- in- chief in 1979 until 1997. Within the eighteen years of his services to WAJA he edited twenty-two Volumes with five of them being Special book issues. Such a committed leader needs to be remembered. Bassey Andah went to be with the Lord in 1997, some twenty years ago. We devote this volume to him in appreciation of his great contributions to the existence of West African Journal of Archaeology up till today.
He sustained the international standard of the journal and succeeded in winning more subscribers from within and outside Nigeria to patronize the Journal. He encouraged many of his younger colleagues to publish in the journal and the publication served as an invaluable source of academic information for scholars in Archaeology and Anthropology in West Africa and other parts of the world. Professor Andah was very much alive to the responsibility of sustaining and improving the Archaeology programme he inherited at the University of Ibadan. It is to his credit that this journal is still alive. It has become a challenge to the Editorial Board to ensure that the good works of this great scholar and others who had contributed to the survival of this International journal before and after him should not go into oblivion.
West African Journal of Archaeology publishes original research and review articles on the Archaeology, cultural resources and cultural history of West Africa in continental and global contexts. We welcome field reports and applied studies that use material culture and related sources to address community centered and environmentally sustainable development process and policies. Theoretical, scientific and policy topics that make use of indigenous knowledge systems are also integral to the goals of the journal.
Volume 47 (2017), have ten articles. Three of the articles are in French and the remaining seven are in English. They are research reports and applied studies from Benin Republic, Cameroon, Nigeria and Togo in commemoration of late Professor Bassey Andah. We encourage our readers to patiently go through each of the papers.
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WAJA VOLUME 48
$50.00WEST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY
REVUE OUEST AFRICAINE d’ARHEOLOGIE
ISSN 0331-3158
Edited by
DAVID A. AREMU
Assisted by
JONATHAN O. ALERU
And OBARE B. BAGODO
Volume 48 (2018)
Published on Behalf of West African Archaeological
Association by the Editorial Board of WAJA
EDITORIAL
This volume is dedicated to Late Professor Kwesi Anquandah. He was one of the indigenous leaders of Archeological in Legon, Ghana. He was the first African Head of Department of Archeology in the University Of Legon Accra Ghana. He lived a honest Christian life. We missed him.
This is the Second Volume of West African Journal of Archaeology on Line. The Journal had been in Publication for the past forty-six years. The first publication came out in 1971. We cannot forget the contributions of our heroes past who founded the journal. Being on line, the journal has not departed from our primary set goals. It publishes original research and review articles on the Archaeology, cultural resources and cultural history of West Africa in continental and global contexts. We welcome field reports and applied studies that use material culture and related sources to address community centered and environmentally sustainable development process and policies. Theoretical, scientific and policy and topics that make use of indigenous knowledge systems are also integral to the goals of the journal.
Volume 48 (2018), have ten articles. Two of the articles are in French and the remaining eight are in English. They include Research Reports and applied studies from Canary Islands, China, Côte d’Ivoire, Israel and Nigeria. We encourage our readers to patiently go through each of the papers.
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Traditional Birth Attendants and Maternal Health Service Delivery in a Community Health Project in South-western Nigeria: A qualitative study
$10.00Traditional Birth Attendants and Maternal Health Service Delivery in a Community Health Project in South-western Nigeria: A qualitative study
Kabiru K. Salami
Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Abstract:
The practice of Traditional Birth Attendance (TBA) is restricted in Nigeria through regulations. This is due in part to lack of adequate information about their efficiency in service delivery. This study documents the profiles of TBAs trained by a non-governmental organization in the women’s health service delivery in rural communities of Oyo State, Nigeria. Qualitative approach was used to conduct nine In-depth interviews on training experiences and service delivery among the TBAs and 18 among their clients on user satisfaction. The TBAs rated the training they received as highly valuable to their practice. Clients were satisfied with the services received from TBAs but expressed displeasure on the work-environment of the TBAs. This study shows that TBAs’ practice can fill service gaps created by unavailability of orthodox healthcare professionals in an environment supported by little healthcare services. Community participation is found to be essential in the acceptance, operation and monitoring of TBAs in this resource-limited setting.
Key words: Community participation, Healthcare delivery, Traditional Birth Attendants, TBA training, Maternal and Child Healthcare, Rural health, Nigeria
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A Contribution to Heritage and Islamic Archaeology of Bauchi Region, Northern Nigeria
$10.00A Contribution to Heritage and Islamic Archaeology of Bauchi Region, Northern Nigeria
Abubakar Sule Sani
Department of Archaeology
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
This paper attempts to appraise the influence of Islam and related thematic factors on socio-political developments in Bauchi region in the last 1500 years. It considered archaeological evidence from excavations of some sites from southern Bauchi area. Oral traditional sources were also used in the paper. Socio-political developments in the Bauchi region are highlighted by long distance trade, slave trade and other specialised processes of craft production. Islam would appear to have inspired the alteration of existing local political systems by the realignment of Islam into the mainstay socio-political structure of Kasar Bauchi; especially, in the early part of the 19th century after the Sokoto jihad ran by Uthman ibn Fodio. In addition, cultural developments in the region were also facilitated by population movements from Bornu, Kwararafa and other Hausa states. There is need for more studies by anthropologists and archaeologists interested in the influence of Islam on African societies in the last millennium. The work concludes that complementary use of sources such as archaeology and oral histories are vital to a better understanding of cultural developments in the region and beyond.
Keywords
Bauchi, jihad, oral traditions, archaeology, socio-political development
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“Health Women, Healthy World”: A Theoretical Discourse of General Health Status of Women in Nigeria
$10.00Monica Ewomazino Akokuwebe
Dept. of Sociology, Faculty of the Social Sciences,
Okuku Campus, Osun State University -
WAJA VOLUME 52 2 FULL
$50.00WEST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY
REVUE OUEST AFRICAINE d’ ARCHEOLOGIEISSN 0331-3158
Edited by
David A. AremuAssisted by
Jonathan O. Aleru and Aicha Toure Gninin
Volume 52(1) 2022
Published on Behalf of West African Archaeological Association by the Editorial Board of WAJA
Editorial
1. Editorial Board
Ballouche, A. – Universite d’ Angers, France
Boachie-Ansah, J. – University of Ghana, Legon, Accra
Derefaka A.A. – University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Jemkur, J. – University of Jos, Nigeria
Okafor E.E. – University of Nsukka, Nigeria
Apoh W. – President, W.A.A.A. (Ex-Officio)
Kouassi K.S. – Treasurer, W.A.A.A. (Ex-Officio)
2. Advisory Board
Professor H. Bocoun
Professor T. Champion
Professor A.F.C. Holl
Professor J.B. Kiethega
Professor M.A. Sowunmi
Professor J. Mangut
Professor Isa Tijani
Editor-In-Chief: – David A. AremuUniversity of Ibadan, Nigeria
Associate Editors: – Jonathan O. Aleru (Anglophone)
University of Ibadan, Nigeria
– Aicha Toure GnininAssistante, Institut des Sciences
Anthropologiques de
Development (ISAD)
UFR-SHS Universite Felix
Honphouet – Biology Cocody –
Abidjan, Cote d’ IvoireBusiness Manager: – R.A. Alabi,
University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Assist. Business Managers: – Kingsley C. Daraojimba
University of Nigeria, Nsukka
Z. A. Gundu,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria,
NigeriaNote to Contributors
Contributors are advised to follow our format in preparing their contributions. We do not
accept footnote referencing. All references must be compiled alphabetically at the end of the
paper with the surname of the authors coming first, followed by year of publication, then the
title of paper and the medium of publication. ALL ILLUSTRATIONS MUST BE DIGITIZED AND
SHOULD HAVE GOOD CONTRAST AND NOT BE TOO MANY. THEY SHOULD BE AT THE END OF
THE TEXT BEFORE THE LIST OF REFERENCES. An electronic copy of the text and the illustrations
should be sent with two hardcopies.
The software used must be indicated. However, we advise any of the following: Microsoft
Office-MS-Word, Adobe Page Maker7 or Word Perfect 8. All contributions not conforming to
the above requirements will be rejected.
Papers are to be submitted to the Editor-in-Chief:
Prof David A. Aremu; email, ([email protected])
Department of Archaeology and Anthropology,
University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Or
The Business Manager,
Prof Raphael A. Alabi, email, ([email protected])
Department of Archaeology and Anthropology,
University of Ibadan, Nigeria.Waja Volume 52(1)
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORSAkinwumi Ogundiran : University of North Carolina, Charlotte, United
State of America.
Babajide Olusoji Ololajulo: Department of Archaeology and
Anthropology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Orijemie Emuobosa Akpo: Department of Archaeology and Anthropology,
University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Kola Adekola: Department of Archaeology and Anthropology,
University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Olatomiwa K. Sarumoh and David Aremu Department of Archaeology
and Anthropology, University of Ibadan.
Adeola Adeitan Lameed, Francesca Chinyere Ukpokolo and David A. Aremu:
Department of Sustainability Studies, University of Ibadan and Department of
Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Ibadan.TABLE OF CONTENT
Akinwumi Ogundiran: Postcolonial Ordeal and the Emancipatory
Potentials of Archaeology/Anthropology Education in Nigeria.
Babajide Olusoji Ololajulo: Oke Afa memorial arcade and the burden
of remembrance in Nigeria. Department of Archaeology and Anthropology
University of Ibadan.
Orijemie Emuobosa Akpo: The Archaeobotanical and Palaeoecological Legacy
of ‘garden-based’ Agroforestry in the African Rainforest
Kola Adekola: An Insight to 50 years of Archaeological Research in Nigeria
Olatomiwa K. Sarumoh and David Aremu: Ethnographic Study of Drum
Making and its Significance among the People of Oyo.
Adeola Adeitan Lameed, Francesca Chinyere Ukpokolo and David A. Aremu: Àgbélé
Symbol and the Branding of ÌyámòpóMountain in Ìgbẹ́tìfor Heritage Tourism.Waja Volume 52(2)
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Kola Adekola: Department of Archaeology and Anthropology
University of Ibadan
Ruivo Ferreira Burmann, André Luiz: Goethe University in Frankfurt am
Main/Germany.
Kyazike Elizabeth: Department of History and Political Science, Kyambogo
University.
David Akwasi Mensah Abrampah and Mark Henry Freeman: Department of Archaeology andHeritage Studies University of Ghana and Cirrus Oil Company, Ghana.
ỌLÁLE Ỵ́ Ẹ Samuel Káyo ḍ́ é and Oyelàdé Olúfikáyo
̣́Kúnlé: Department of Religious
Studies, University of Ìbàdàn̩ , Ìbàdàn̩ , Òỵ ó
̣State, Nigeria; Chapel of the Resurrection,
University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Monica O. Aneni: Department of Classics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Daniel Kenechukwu Chidiogo 1Ibeanu Anselm Maduabuchi and 1Eze-Uzomaka
Pamela: Department of Archaeology and Tourism, University of Nigeria, Nsukka -
Analyses of Mineral Composition of Potsherds from Iron Smelting Site in Ukehe and its Implications for Archaeological Investigation
$10.00Analyses of Mineral Composition of Potsherds from Iron
Smelting Site in Ukehe and its Implications for ArchaeologicalInvestigation
1*Daniel Kenechukwu Chidiogo 1Ibeanu Anselm Maduabuchi and
1Eze-Uzomaka Pamela
1Department of Archaeology and Tourism, University of Nigeria,
Nsukka
Analyses and classification of pots/potsherds from archaeological
excavations in most cases have been limited to the physical attributes
possessed by the pottery wares, such as decorative motifs and pottery
forms which further informs the functions of the pottery. Although
these criteria played significant role in archaeological interpretation,
there is limited research on the use of scientific techniques to interpret
the mineral components of potsherds, especially within the Nigerian
context. Therefore, in this research, we conducted fieldwork and did
excavation (which lasted for 3months) in Ukehe town of Igbo-Etiti
Local Government Area of Enugu State, and collected iron samples
and potsherds for analysis. We applied scientific techniques – X-Ray
Diffraction (XRD) and Scanned Electron Microscopy (SEM) – to
analyse the mineral composition of the potsherds and further broaden
the scope of our interpretation to highlight the sources of raw materials
and trade relationships between/within human societies (Ukehe and
neighbouring communities). Drawing from our results, we conclude
that the use of scientific technique is vital in archaeological
interpretation as it has the potential to expose more information about
the material remains discovered in different parts of South-eastern
Nigeria and their composition.
Keywords: Potsherd, X-Ray Diffraction, Micrograph, Ukehe, iron
smelting -
Prosopography of the Somatophylakes of Alexander the Great
$10.00Prosopography of the Somatophylakes of
Alexander the Great
Monica O. Aneni
Department of Classics
University of Ibadan
Email: [email protected]Abstract: Ancient authors such as Arrian, Polybius, Plutarch
and several others have dedicated a huge amount of literature
to the exploits and politics of Alexander the Great. Modern
scholars, drawing from the narrations of ancient authors, have
analysed several aspects of the times and life of this great leader
and those of his Diadochi. However, little attention has been
paid to the men who served as his bodyguards. This paper is
therefore designed to examine the biographies of the
somatophylakes of Alexander the Great, with a view to
understanding their roles throughout the period of Alexander’s
warring years until his death in 323 BC, as well as their
positions and influences post Alexander. The paper adopts a
historical methodology as it examines the times and lives of the
bodyguards. Plutarch’s ideology on biography is adopted as
framework. Further studies may examine the sphere of control
of the Diadochi and their roles in promoting Hellenistic culture
in Africa and the Near East after the demise of Alexander
[Keywords: Leadership, bodyguards, biography, the
Macedonian Empire]