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    By : Kola Adekola

    A CONSIDERATION OF ETHICAL ISSUES IN ARCHAEOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY

    A CONSIDERATION OF ETHICAL ISSUES IN
    ARCHAEOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY

    By
    KOLA ADEKOLA
    Department of Archaeology and Anthropology

    University of Ibadan
    E mail: [email protected]

    Introduction

    Archaeology is unique amongst all disciplines in that its data are non-
    renewable. Once the archaeological data is destroyed, the information

    that can be derived from such data is lost.
    As a result of this, professional bodies such as the Society for
    American Archaeology (SAA); Archaeological Institute of America
    (AIA); European Association of Archaeologists (EAA); Australian
    Archaeological Association (AAA) and Society of Professional
    Archaeologists (SOPA) which was founded in 1978 in America and
    Archaeological Association of Nigeria have since their formation
    concerned themselves with the need for a minimal level of expertise in
    various areas of archaeological research. Not only this, the associations
    aim at promulgating code of ethics for American, European and
    Australian archaeologists. This function is a main concern of the World
    Archaeological Congress at the global level. In many instances, the
    tenets of the codes are applicable at all regions Nigeria inclusive.
    In this paper, we are interested in examining amongst other things, the
    professional responsibilities of archaeologists and anthropologists.

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    By : Kyazike Elizabeth

    KANSYORE CRESCENTS: MULTIPURPOSE FUNCTIONAL TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY.

    KANSYORE CRESCENTS: MULTIPURPOSE FUNCTIONAL
    TOOLS AND TECHNOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY.

    By
    Kyazike Elizabeth

    Department of History and Political Science

    Kyambogo University
    P.O. Box 1. Kyambo
    Email: ekyzike kyu.ac.ug

    Abstract
    Results indicate that Kansyore Island crescents are of various sizes
    leading to a suggestion that they performed different functions.
    However, the causes for this variation remains unclear. In order to
    address that, this paper examines the nature of raw material
    procurement processes for the production of crescents, the use of
    crescents as well as their evolution over time at Kansyore Island that
    indicates humanity’s technological complexity. It also investigates
    factors for the preference of crescents that dominate the Later Stone
    Age (LSA) backed tool kit at Kansyore Island and Nsongezi. The aim
    is to examine the variation in tool sizes and the way in which crescents
    were utilised by humans using their forms, edge modifications and edge
    damage. This is significant in understanding the evolution of projectile
    technology and giving insights into food procurement processes and
    subsistence economy and the way the Later Stone Age (LSA) people
    adapted and controlled the changing environment that characterised
    most of Africa at that age. This was done using both archaeological
    survey and excavation at Kansyore Island and the Nsongezi areas. The
    Kansyore are a unique LSA group who combined use of lithics with
    ceramics. The examination of Kansyore Island material is based on the
    fact that limited attention has been given to the Kansyore culture at
    Kansyore Island the type site and so far the limited work has laid
    emphasis on ceramics such as the works of Chapman, (1967) and
    Kyazike (2013). Collet and Robertshaw (1980) identified two crescents
    but emphasis was also on the ceramics.

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    By : André Luiz

    Preliminary comparative analyzes of prehistoric figurine traditions in Western Africa

    Preliminary comparative analyzes of prehistoric
    figurine traditions in Western Africa
    Ruivo Ferreira Burmann, André Luiz
    (Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main/Germany;

    [email protected])

    Key Words: “Neolithic”, Iron Age, Nok Culture, Gajiganna
    Complex, figurines.
    Introduction
    The article’s aim is to present the preconditions, the goals and
    some work in progress of a PhD-project on the archaeological
    context of prehistoric West African figurines1.
    Being connected to the so-called “Frankfurt team” as a student
    since 2011, the author evermore encountered the research on the
    famous Central Nigerian Nok Culture. Funded by the German
    Research Association (DFG) and in close cooperation with the
    Nigerian National Commission for Museums and Monuments,
    as well as the University of Maiduguri respectively the
    University of Jos and the Ahmadu Bello University Zaria in
    Nigeria, the Goethe University is known for their work in
    Northeastern Nigeria since 1989 (Breunig/Neumann 2002,
    Magnavita 2004, Breunig 2004, 2005, Breunig et al. 2006, 2008)
    respectively in Central Nigeria since 2005 (Rupp et al. 2005,
    Breunig 2009a, 2009b, Rupp 2010, Breunig 2014, Breunig/Rupp
    2016).

    $10.00